The formula used in picoseconds to milliseconds conversion is 1 Picosecond = 1E-09 Millisecond. How many … The laser actually restructures the surface resulting in a matte black mark that traps light. none space comma point. 100 Seconds = 100000000000 Nanoseconds. Three different parameters determine the output power of a pulsed laser; the laser’s pulse width, the pulse energy, and the pulse repetition rate. The lightening of tattoos in response to picosecond and nanosecond lasers treatments is associated with a reduction in the number and size of the tattoo pigments or the transformation of the tattoo pigment particles into optically inapparent structures histologically [2, 12]. Picosecond and nanosecond response in a reduced most important contribution in the experiments de- crystal. ≡ … 2 Picosecond to 1 Nanosecond Lasers. Dynamics of Cyclic Methylphenyltrisiloxane in the Picosecond to Nanosecond Time Range. Laser current up to 400 mA, 700 mA with heat sinking. An architectural approach that decreases the pair on-off time to much less than the individual device recovery time is presented. Nanosecond, Picosecond, Femtosecond. Picosecond and nanosecond response in a reduced most important contribution in the experiments de- crystal. 6 Seconds = 6000000000 Nanoseconds. Download to read the full article text. Theoretical models and qualitative explanations of experimental results are presented. The second is an important unit of time. 1fs (femtosecond) = 0.000000000000001 seconds = 10 -15 seconds. You can also switch to the converter for nanosecond to picosecond. But, the 532 nanosecond output appears to do very well for most colours – except black! The range of fluences is quite large, from 0.8 to 3.4 J/cm^2. Or: 1 ps = 0.000,000,000,001 s. 1 Nanosecond: A nanosecond is exactly 1 x 10-9 seconds. Light travels at 186,000 miles per second. Get Code! A short summary of this paper. Since FY2012, SSRL is now scheduling three to four three-day periods each year dedicated to running SPEAR3 in hybrid low-alpha operation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2000. 50 Seconds = 50000000000 Nanoseconds. Unit Descriptions; 1 Picosecond: A picosecond is exactly 1 x 10-12 seconds. 5 Seconds = 5000000000 Nanoseconds. Learn More. Therefore a typical picosecond laser’s pulse duration is 100 x shorter than that of a nanosecond machine. 2019 Nov 18;58(22):15320-15329. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02316. Connects directly to floating anode Type-1 butterfly-packaged laser diodes through pin sockets; compatible with other laser packages. Type: Other Output Drive: 0 to 700mA, up to +2.5V Insertion Delay: 4ns or 250ns, nom Pulse Width Adj. Nanosecond (slower pulse) measured in nanoseconds, a billionth of a second. Unexpectedly Slow Yet Efficient Picosecond to Nanosecond Photoinduced Hole-Transfer Occurs in a Polymer/Non-Fullerene Acceptor Organic Photovoltaic Blend September 2018 ACS Energy Letters 3(10) Its wide operational range makes it suitable for use on nearly any material. Visit our Picosecond to Nanosecond Conversion calculator to … Available on App. It is the main unit of time in the SI system of units. T165 picosecond to nanosecond laser diode pulser. Also, explore tools to convert picosecond or nanosecond to other time units or learn more about time conversions. Microsecond to Nanosecond Conversion Table. This Paper. One nanosecond which equals 10 -9 s. One picosecond which equals 10 -12 s. Second. One solar day has 86,400 seconds. Laser ablation of solid targets by 0.2–5000 ps Ti: Sapphire laser pulses is studied. 7 microsecond to nanosecond = 7000 nanosecond. 1 Picosecond [ps] = 3.1709791983765E-23 Millennium : Picosecond to Millennium: Millennium to Picosecond: 1 Picosecond [ps] = 1.0E-6 Microsecond [µs] Picosecond to Microsecond: Microsecond to Picosecond: 1 Picosecond [ps] = 0.001 Nanosecond [ns] Picosecond to Nanosecond: Nanosecond to Picosecond: 1 Picosecond [ps] = 1000 Femtosecond [fs] 1000 ns. Picosecond laser technology features wavelengths that are transforming tattoo removal including 755 nm for green and blue tattoos, 532 nm for the removal . 5 microsecond to nanosecond = 5000 nanosecond. Task: Convert 25 microseconds to nanoseconds (show work) Formula: microseconds x 1,000 = nanoseconds Calculations: 25 microseconds x 1,000 = 25,000 nanoseconds Result: 25 microseconds is equal to 25,000 nanoseconds. A nanosecond (ns) is an SI unit of time equal to one billionth of a second, that is, 1 ⁄ 1 000 000 000 of a second, or 10 −9 seconds.. If you need to convert light picosecond to another compatible unit, please pick the one you need on the page below. 10 -10 seconds is 100 picoseconds. Unit Descriptions; 1 Picosecond: A picosecond is exactly 1 x 10-12 seconds. A nanosecond is equal to 1000 picoseconds or 1⁄1000 microsecond. Can't find the exact number in the table? Laser beam profiles at sample surface were the same for nanosecond pulse and picosecond pulse trains as was measured by CCD camera (with neutral filters). 6 microsecond to nanosecond = 6000 nanosecond. These are very interesting results. 1ns (nanosecond) = 0.0000000001 seconds = 10 -9 seconds. In one embodiment, a method includes directing a laser pulse into an etalon and propagating the laser pulse through the etalon to form a tilted pulse. 25000 Seconds = 25000000000000 Nanoseconds. To read more about our nanosecond tattoo removal laser, how it compares to picosecond laser tattoo removal technology, and how we outperform in every category, check out our dedicate webpage on picosecond vs. nanosecond here. T160 picosecond to nanosecond laser diode driver. Notation. Download Download PDF. These units belong to the same measurement system: Common Units . What is the second? 1 picosecond is equivalent to 0.001 nanosecond (1 ps is equivalent to 0.001 ns). Pico is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10-12 (0.000000000001), or one trillionth. By antonio L macanita. 1 second is equal to 1000000 microseconds, or 1000000000 nanoseconds. 3 microsecond to nanosecond = 3000 nanosecond. The rest of the buckets are filled to provide 100-200 mA current for other users not involved in … nanosecond (period) 1000000000 ns (p) Conversion base : 1 Hz = 1000000000 ns (p) Conversion base : 1 ns (p) = 1000000000 Hz. We assume you are converting between microsecond and nanosecond. By preparing AOT/lecithin mixed reverse micelles (RMs) of different morphologies (spherical and ellipsoidal), we have investigated the effect of the degree of … Further evidence of this scattering is provided by angularly-resolved measurements of the transmitted and back-scattered signals for nanosecond excitation. Picosecond to nanosecond transient resonance Raman spectroscopy was applied to track down the excited-state conformational excursions of Ni II T(t-Bu)P [nickel(II) 5,10,15,20-tetra-tert-butylporphyrin] in various solvents with different dielectric properties. Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. You can view more details on each measurement unit: microseconds or nanoseconds The SI base unit for time is the second. A picosecond is an SI unit of time equal to 10 − 12 or 1⁄1 000 000 000 000 (one trillionth) of a second. Picoseconds to Milliseconds Conversion. Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units Unit System; picosecond: ps: ≡ 10-12 second. NMR, for example, allows determining residue resolved information on the picosecond to nanosecond time scale in terms of the order parameter, which is related to an entropy contribution. Physics, Chemistry. 2019 Nov 18;58(22):15320-15329. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02316. Global protein diffusion and internal molecular motions were probed by neutron time-of-flight and neutron backscattering spectroscopy on the picosecond and nanosecond time scales. Full Record; Other Related Research; Microsecond [µs] Nanosecond [ns] 0.01 µs. calvin klein handbags salePrimary Menu. AONano™ Series. As for cooking devices, picosecond laser marking succeeds in chemical and abrasion tests. From the resonance Raman spectra of Ni II T(t-Bu)P obtained by picosecond pulse photoexcitation, the α 4-type conformer … 2500 Microseconds = 2500000 Nanoseconds. The grating period is 0.8 Am (K = 7.9 Am`), and scribed here is an intrinsic nondissipative third- the intensities of the writing beams are 8 … In a billionth of a second, one nanosecond, photons of light travel just a bit less than a foot, not considering resistance in air or of an optical fiber strand or thin film. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP, 2016. Picosecond is equal to 10-12 second (unit of time), comes from a combination of the metric prefix pico (p) with the second (s). 50000 Seconds = 50000000000000 Nanoseconds. This is a randomized, split-tattoo, open-label, single-center study of up to 25 subjects with tattoos containing black or dark blue ink, alone or in combination with other colors. Laser ablation of pure metals by femtosecond, picosecond and nanosecond pulses is studied experimentally in air at atmospheric pressure. Full PDF Package Download Full PDF Package. 5000 Microseconds = 5000000 Nanoseconds. ... Sub-nanosecond Pulsed LEDs. 4 microsecond to nanosecond = 4000 nanosecond. 1998. Laser drive follows electrical input. Edge-triggered pulse, user adjustable width. JLA reflects the state-of-R&D in photonic production, sensing and measurement, as well as laser safety. Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Antonio Maçanita. Range: 300ps up to 850ns Frequency (PRR): versions up to 200MHz Jitter: 12ps or ; 120ps, RMS DC Bias Voltage: adjustable ±1.2V, nom Optical pulse widths from 100 picoseconds to 50 microseconds. Pulse compression based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a nonlinear optical approach that efficiently converts high-energy nanosecond pulses into the picosecond. It is ALL ABOUT THE PULSE DURATION. There are 1000 picoseconds in one nanosecond . Antonio Maçanita. AOPico™, AOFemto™ ... Advanced Optowave Corporation’s diode-pumped solid-state lasers range from Nanaosecond, to Picosecond … Thus, picosecond laser marks are more permanent and less restrictive to use than nanosecond laser marks. Since the first observation of SBS pulse compression, different compression structures for different input and output parameters were developed to optimize the characteristics of pulse compression in the … Further evidence of this scattering is provided by angularly-resolved measurements of the transmitted and back-scattered signals for nanosecond excitation. Laser ablation efficiency of pure metals with femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond pulses. Neutron scattering, on the other hand, is a direct method that probes average protein dynamics on the time scale accessible by a neutron spectrometer. calapooia river accessPrimary Menu. 1 ns = 0.000,000,001 s. Dynamics of Cyclic Methylphenyltrisiloxane in the Picosecond to Nanosecond Time Range. Converted Value in nanosecond Maximize throughput and minimize cost-per-part with this high-power picosecond laser. It’s 100% free with ample of features! These units belong to the same measurement system: Grace Hopper's Units Of Distance . Also found here is our selection of … Picosecond lasers vs. nanosecond lasers. A picosecond (abbreviated as ps) is a unit of time formed by the prefix pico- and the SI unit second, equal to 10 −12 or 1⁄1 000 000 000 000 (one trillionth) of a second. Feel hassle-free to account this widget as it is 100% free. legal guardianship forms massachusetts picosecond nanosecond. Wavelengths from 255 to 600 nm; Peak power up to 2.5 mW; Pulse widths as short as 600 ps (FWHM) Repetition rate from single shot up to 40 MHz; ... One picosecond is equal to 1000 femtoseconds, or 1/1000 nanoseconds. Other Conferences. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Inorg Chem. That's 982,080,000 feet per second -- or 11,784,960,000 inches. 8 microsecond to nanosecond = 8000 nanosecond. Because the next SI unit is 1000 times larger, measurements of 10 − 11 and 10 − 10 second are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of picoseconds. The picosecond [ps] to nanosecond [ns] conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. This page features online conversion from picosecond to nanosecond. t ns = 0.001 × t ps. The much faster speed of the PicoWay results in faster removal, with less pain and faster healing/ recovery time. ps stands for picoseconds and ms stands for milliseconds. Because the next SI unit is 1000 times larger, measurements of 10 − 11 and 10 − 10 second are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of picoseconds. It is the main unit of time in the SI system of units. Download Download PDF. A reduction of 75% or more of the colour intensity was obtained for 33% of the tattoos treated with the picosecond lasers compared to 14% with the nanosecond laser (P = 0.008). 3 Microseconds = 3000 Nanoseconds. Conversion table / chart for Picosecond to Nanosecond conversion. The devices from most manufacturers deliver pulses that are actually several hundred picoseconds or just under one nanosecond, a billionth of a second, 10-9 s. Traditional Q-switched lasers … Both lasers can be triggered by a single pulse. What’s the Difference between Picosecond and Nanosecond laser? Full PDF Package Download Full ... Chains as Revealed by Picosecond Time Resolved Fluorescence. picosecond to nanosecond (ps—ns) measurement units conversion. Download Download PDF. Wavelengths from 255 to 600 nm; Peak power up to 2.5 mW; Pulse widths as short as 600 ps (FWHM) Repetition rate from single shot up to 40 MHz; In arm-based laptops 2021. picosecond nanosecond. A picosecond is a trillionth of a second, 10-12 s, or a millionth of a millionth of a second. Instant free online tool for picosecond to nanosecond conversion or vice versa. Typical pulse durations of picosecond lasers are between 375 picoseconds to 750 picoseconds. The term combines the prefix nano- with the basic unit for one-sixtieth of a minute . legal guardianship forms massachusetts picosecond nanosecond. enlighten™ was the first picosecond + nanosecond laser system to feature multiple wavelengths and industry leading specifications for the removal of tattoos and benign pigmented lesions, and the treatment of skin revitalization. For dielectrics and similarly behaving materials, impact/avalanche and multiphoton ionization are the main pathways. Picosecond to Nanosecond Manipulation of Excited-State Lifetimes in Complexes with an Fe II to Ti IV Metal-to-Metal Charge Transfer: The Role of Ferrocene Centered Excited States Inorg Chem . 30 Microseconds = 30000 Nanoseconds. Laser ablation for nanosecond and picosecond pulse train was started by crater comparison (figure 2). 1. That is one trillionth, or one millionth of one millionth of a second, or 0.000 000 000 001 seconds. Publications in Journal of Laser Applications (JLA) cover a broad range of topics from fundamental and applied research and development to industrial applications. Moreover, laser marking with picosecond resists citric and nitric passivation cycles (a traditional fiber laser would fail the second test). How to convert picoseconds to nanoseconds [ps to ns]:. New methods of pulsed power are developed on the basis of new effects in high voltage semiconductor p-n junctions, discovered at Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russia. Plural name is picoseconds with symbol is ps. One picosecond contains 1000 femtoseconds. Picosecond to nanosecond transient resonance Raman spectroscopy was applied to track down the excited-state conformational excursions of Ni II T(t-Bu)P [nickel(II) 5,10,15,20-tetra-tert-butylporphyrin] in various solvents with different dielectric properties. Here, we describe the dynamics in the 400-900 nm regime of the formation and evolution of nanobubbles around colloidal gold nanoparticles using picosecond pump-probe optical measurements. Using ultrafast infrared pump–probe spectroscopy on pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), we reveal sub-picosecond vibrational energy transfer (VET) from the photoexcited band at 1660 cm–1 into every other infrared-active mode in the probed frequency range 800–1800 cm–1. 0.1 µs. I think they show that picosecond lasers are ‘generally’ better at inducing ink removal than nanosecond lasers. 1 second is equal to 1000000 microseconds, or 1000000000 nanoseconds. 1ns (nanosecond) They received a total of 4 treatments at 4-week intervals. ... One picosecond is equal to 1000 femtoseconds, or 1/1000 nanoseconds. ST-221 Picosecond Nd:YAG Laser System The Specially Designed Laser System for Tattoos What Makes PICOSECOND Unique from Others? picosecond nanosecond. Another embodiment involves directing pulses into an etalon and propagating the … Epub 2019 Nov 5. The spot size of the laser is 600 µm with a Gaussian distribution. Virtually all tattoos can be treated. In this work, we demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, extension of optical arbitrary waveform generation capable of picosecond resolution over nanosecond duration. 10 ns. Two GaAs Fabry-Perot étalons, each having a 30 ns recovery time, were connected in series, defining a logic function with … By antonio L macanita. Picosecond laser technology features wavelengths that are transforming tattoo removal including 755 nm for green and blue tattoos, 532 nm for the removal . nanosecond to picosecond (ns—ps) measurement units conversion. Mechanical clocks generally measure cyclical events of pre-determined length, such as pendulum swings, calibrated to … It is equal to 10 −12 of a second. A picosecond is an standard unit of measuring time. Picosecond (faster pulse) measured in picoseconds, a trillionth of a second. 1ns (nanosecond) ... Sub-nanosecond Pulsed LEDs. Study of Picosecond and Nanosecond Q-switched Lasers for Tattoo Removal The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Picosecond Lasers Nanosecond Lasers Ultrafast Fiber Lasers Industrial Ultrafast Lasers High Intensity Systems Tunable Wavelength Laser Spectroscopy Laser Electronics Applications. Commercial picosecond medical lasers do not actually achieve this short of a pulse. This page features online conversion from light picosecond to light nanosecond. Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. picosecond nanosecond. Femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond laser microablation: Laser plasma and crater investigation - Volume 20 Issue 1. calvin klein handbags salePrimary Menu. These effects are: (a) super fast voltage restoration; and (b) super fast reversible delayed breakdown. Picosecond to Nanosecond Manipulation of Excited-State Lifetimes in Complexes with an FeII to TiIV Metal-to-Metal Charge Transfer: The Role of Ferrocene Centered Excited States. You can view more details on each measurement unit: microseconds or nanoseconds The SI base unit for time is the second. A picosecond is an SI unit of time equal to 10 − 12 or 1⁄1 000 000 000 000 (one trillionth) of a second. Optical pulse widths from 100 picoseconds to 850 nanoseconds. Thorlabs provides an extensive selection of lasers and other specialized coherent sources, such as our correlated photon-pair source. Knowing the time unit, we know that femtosecond laser is an extremely ultrashort pulse laser processing. Here, we describe the dynamics in the 400–900 nm regime of the formation and evolution of nanobubbles around colloidal gold nanoparticles using picosecond pump–probe optical measurements. One nanosecond which equals 10 -9 s. One picosecond which equals 10 -12 s. Second. On nanosecond timescales and at fluences above 200 mJ.cm-2, however, we observe the onset of a response that is consistent with a thermally induced scattering process. 100000 Seconds = 1.0×1014 Nanoseconds. Nuphoton Technologies Inc. We are a pioneer in nanosecond and sub-nanosecond pulsed fiber lasers for LIDAR, ultra compact picosecond laser and femtosecond laser, low noise figure optical fiber amplifiers, linear polarization maintaining optical fiber amplifiers, and broadband flat spectrum ASE light sources. Picosecond lasers used for tattoo removal require fewer treatments, cause fewer side effects, and result in reduced post-procedural downtime compared to nanosecond Q-switched lasers. They were treated with 35 picosecond and 10 nanosecond pulses from two lasers. Conclusion. OSTI.GOV Journal Article: Laser-induced damage threshold of silicon in millisecond, nanosecond, and picosecond regimes. One solar day has 86,400 seconds. Both amateur and professional tattoos are treatable. Other measuring devices include chronometers, which are precise enough to be used for navigation. 20 Microseconds = 20000 Nanoseconds. 100 ns. How many picoseconds in 18 nanoseconds: If t ns = 18 then t ps = 1 000 × 18 = 18 000 ps. Which is greater nanosecond or picosecond? Nd:YAG, Nd:YVO4 and Customs. 16 patients with black tattoos were enrolled for the test. Try Unit Converter App for your Mobile to get the ease of converting thousands of units. What is the second? noun. The picosecond pulsed sources are either laser diode based or LED based devices that can be operated at variable, user-adjustable repetition rates up to 100 MHz. Microsecond to Nanosecond Conversion Example. Result in nanosecond. Advantages of femtosecond lasers for precise material processing are discussed and demonstrated. How to convert nanoseconds to picoseconds [ns to ps]:. Picosecond to nanosecond dynamics provide a source of conformational entropy for protein folding. The PI-MAX4:1024EMB emICCD camera seamlessly combines the rapid gating capabilities of an image intensifier and the excellent linearity of a back-illuminated, frame-transfer, 1024 x 1024 EMCCD detector in order to deliver quantitative, ultra-high-sensitivity performance for LIBS applications executed on nano- and picosecond timescales. Model: T165 Picosecond to Nanosecond Laser Diode Pulser Company: Highland Technology Inc. B. Sallé. To get started with a free consultation for Appleton laser tattoo removal, call us today at (920) 882-0115. How many picoseconds in a nanosecond: If t ns = 1 then t ps = 1 000 × 1 = 1 000 ps. Which is greater nanosecond or picosecond? These effects have been used to design two types of semiconductor device: (1) opening … Learn More. A nanosecond ( ns) is an SI unit of time equal to one billionth of a second, that is, 1⁄1 000 000 000 of a second, or 10 −9 seconds. 9 microsecond to nanosecond = 9000 nanosecond. An improvement superior to 75% was obtained in 34% monochromic black or blue tattoos with the picosecond lasers compared to 9% for the nanosecond laser. 1 ps = 0.000,000,000,001 s. 1 Femtosecond: A femtosecond is exactly 1 … Full PDF Package Download Full ... Chains as Revealed by Picosecond Time Resolved Fluorescence. Or: 27 picosecond (ps) is equivalent to 27 times 0.001 nanosecond (ns). 7 Seconds = 7000000000 Nanoseconds. From the resonance Raman spectra of Ni II T(t-Bu)P obtained by picosecond pulse photoexcitation, the α 4-type conformer … The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2000. Various methods and systems are provided for generation of a laser pulse with massive pulse-front tilt (PFT) and its use for measurement of laser pulses. In this mode the SPEAR3 ring has 1-4 camshaft pulses with very low current, and pulse duration of 5-20 picoseconds, for timing measurements. In other words, 1 picosecond is 1000000000 times smaller than a millisecond. 1ps (picosecond) = 0.0000000000001 second = 10 -12 seconds. We assume you are converting between microsecond and nanosecond. The second is an important unit of time. Or: Retrieved 27 picosecond is equivalent to 0.027 nanosecond (27 ps is equivalent to 0.027 ns). That is one trillionth, or one millionth of one millionth of a second, or 0.000000000001 seconds. It can be defined as the time it takes an electromagnetic field to propagate through 3 x 10 5 km of vacuum. Add Microsecond to nanosecond converter to your website to use this unit converter directly. Franz Demmel. 2 Microseconds = 2000 Nanoseconds. calapooia river accessPrimary Menu. Study – A study was carried out to test the efficacy of picoseconds lasers versus nanosecond lasers in the case of tattoo removal. In arm-based laptops 2021. picosecond nanosecond. If you need to convert picosecond to another compatible unit, please pick the one you need on the page below. We report the effect of different geometrical restrictions on the dynamical properties of water using dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and picosecond-resolved fluorescence studies. The wavelengths of nanosecond and picosecond lasers are both 1064 nm; while the pulse widths are 10 ns and 750 ps, respectively. A. Semerok, C. Chaleard, +9 authors. t ps = 1 000 × t ns. The grating period is 0.8 Am (K = 7.9 Am`), and scribed here is an intrinsic nondissipative third- the intensities of the writing beams are 8 … noun. 10000 Microseconds = 10000000 Nanoseconds. They can clear some tattoos that are refractory to other forms of laser therapy, and there is a reduced risk of causing scarring and hypopigmentation . It will compare the safety and efficacy of nanosecond and picosecond pulse durations with the Cutera Picosecond Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser for tattoo removal. Both nanosecond fiber lasers and picosecond lasers are capable of making black marks, but because the picosecond laser’s pulse duration is so much shorter, the process is actually athermal meaning there is limited heat generated at the part surface. Then: Where x is the value in nanosecond (ns) to find. 1 µs. Laser-induced damage threshold of silicon in millisecond, nanosecond, and picosecond regimes. On nanosecond timescales and at fluences above 200 mJ.cm-2, however, we observe the onset of a response that is consistent with a thermally induced scattering process. Laser pulse current up to 400 mA, 700 mA with heat sinking. Number in picosecond to convert nanosecond. The picosecond pulsed sources are either laser diode based or LED based devices that can be operated at variable, user-adjustable repetition rates up to 100 MHz. 4 Microseconds = 4000 Nanoseconds. It can be defined as the time it takes an electromagnetic field to propagate through 3 x 10 5 km of vacuum. Note: Nanosecond is a metric unit of time.Picosecond is a metric unit of time. Options range from individual laser diodes and DPSS lasers to complete laser solutions such as fiber-coupled lasers, HeNe lasers, femtosecond lasers, nanosecond pulsed lasers, and picosecond pulsed lasers.